How can laws be challenged in the courts?

Laws can be challenged in the courts primarily through judicial review. This legal process allows individuals or groups to seek a court's evaluation of the law's constitutionality or applicability. Judicial review serves as a fundamental mechanism within the judicial system, enabling courts to interpret the law and ensure that it aligns with constitutional principles. This process not only addresses potential overreach by legislative bodies but also protects individual rights when laws appear to infringe upon them.

Public protests, legislative amendments, and citizen voting reflect different avenues for societal influence and change but do not directly involve the judicial process to question the validity or constitutionality of existing laws. Protests can raise awareness and encourage legislative change but do not constitute a legal challenge in court. Legislative amendments are processes for creating or changing laws rather than challenging them. Similarly, citizen voting can express public opinion but is not an avenue for legal contestation within the judicial system.