How is negotiation defined in the context of dispute resolution?

Negotiation in the context of dispute resolution is defined as a method of resolving disputes through direct communication between the parties involved. This process allows for open dialogue, where each party can express their perspectives, needs, and interests, aiming to reach a mutually satisfactory agreement. Unlike formal processes that involve legal representation, negotiation typically doesn't require legal counsel, making it a more informal and flexible approach. It focuses on collaboration and finding common ground without the constraints of legal proceedings.

In contrast, other options describe different dispute resolution methods. A formal process involving legal representation indicates a more structured setting, such as litigation, where lawyers represent their clients, which is not characteristic of negotiation. A mediation process involves a third party to facilitate discussions and help the parties reach an agreement, distinguishing it from negotiation, as there is no mediator present in direct negotiations. Lastly, a legal action involving the courts refers to a judicial process that is also distinct from negotiation, as it typically follows a set legal protocol and results in a formal judgment.