In the context of Australia, what does federalism refer to?

Federalism in Australia refers specifically to the division of powers between national and state governments. This system is essential to Australia's political framework, whereby powers and responsibilities are apportioned across different levels of government to ensure a balance of authority and autonomy.

In this context, the national government, or the Commonwealth, handles issues of national significance, such as defense, immigration, and foreign affairs. State governments manage local matters, including education, transportation, and healthcare. This distribution allows for localized governance while maintaining a cohesive national policy framework.

Understanding federalism is crucial in appreciating how laws are created and enforced in Australia, as well as the ways these different levels of government interact and sometimes conflict with one another regarding jurisdiction and powers.