What is meant by 'natural justice'?

The concept of 'natural justice' primarily refers to the legal principle that ensures fairness in legal proceedings. This encompasses two key components: the right to a fair hearing and the rule against bias. In essence, natural justice aims to safeguard an individual's rights and ensure that any legal decisions made against them are fair and just.

When a decision is made that could adversely affect someone's rights or interests, natural justice requires that they are given a proper opportunity to present their case, receive adequate notice of the proceedings, and have the chance to respond to any evidence or claims against them. Moreover, the decision-makers must exhibit impartiality, meaning they should not have any personal interest in the outcome of the case.

This principle is fundamental in various legal contexts, including administrative law and criminal justice, reinforcing public confidence in the legal system by promoting transparency and accountability.

In contrast, the other options focus on distinct aspects of law without directly addressing the overarching idea of fairness and due process that defines natural justice. This makes the selected answer the most aligned with the principles surrounding natural justice.