What is the primary basis for case law in the legal system?

Case law, also known as common law, primarily arises from the decisions made by judges in superior courts. These courts are responsible for establishing precedents, which are judicial interpretations that guide future cases with similar facts and legal issues. When superior court judges make rulings, they issue opinions that explain their reasoning; these opinions become binding precedents for lower courts to follow. This ensures consistency and predictability in the law, as inferior courts are required to adhere to the principles established by superior courts.

The other options refer to sources that do not hold the same authoritative weight as decisions from superior courts. For instance, opinions of legal scholars can provide insight and perspective, but they do not have the binding effect on the legal system. Similarly, while public opinion and societal norms can influence legal change, they do not form a direct basis for case law, which is instead grounded in the rulings and legal reasoning established by judges in higher courts. This hierarchy is essential for maintaining a structured and coherent legal framework.