Which of the following areas are covered by concurrent powers?

The correct choice highlights that concurrent powers refer to areas in which both state and federal parliaments have the authority to make laws. This is a fundamental aspect of federalism in which two levels of government operate simultaneously within the same jurisdiction on certain matters. Examples of concurrent powers include the ability to tax, establish courts, and regulate trade, allowing both the states and the federal government to legislate on these matters.

This system aims to balance power between levels of government and enables a more tailored approach to law-making that can address both local and national interests. It promotes cooperation and flexibility in governance, acknowledging that different jurisdictions may have varying needs.

The other areas listed in the options do not fall under the definition of concurrent powers. Powers held exclusively by state parliaments refer to those functions that only states can legislate on without federal intervention. Powers solely belonging to the judiciary are related to the interpretation and application of laws but do not involve legislative powers. The veto power of the Governor-General pertains to the federal legislative process and does not represent areas of concurrent authority.