Which principle states that everyone must follow the law, including the government?

The principle that states everyone must follow the law, including the government, is known as the Rule of Law. This fundamental concept underpins democratic societies and ensures that laws are applied equally to all individuals, regardless of their status or power. It emphasizes that no one is above the law, reinforcing the idea that government officials and institutions operate within the framework of the law just like ordinary citizens. The Rule of Law is essential for maintaining order, protecting individual rights, and providing a basis for accountability in governance.

In contrast, the other principles mentioned do not focus on the universality and equality of law. The separation of powers refers to the division of government responsibilities among different branches to prevent any one from gaining too much power. Checks and balances are mechanisms designed to prevent one branch of government from becoming too powerful by ensuring that each branch can limit the powers of the others. Equity before the law focuses on the fair treatment of individuals within the legal system, but it does not explicitly state that everyone, including the government, must adhere to the law.